1. #Encapsulation:
Data Hiding: Keeping some of the internal states of objects hidden from the outside, exposing only what's necessary.
Test Configuration: You might have a configuration class that encapsulates all the configurations, so changes to configurations can be made in one place.
2. #Abstraction:
WebDriver Abstraction: Instead of directly interacting with WebDriver methods everywhere in your code, you might have an abstract layer that defines actions like #click(), #type(), etc. This way, if the WebDriver API changes, you only need to make changes in one place.
Page Object Model (POM): Each web page or a component of a web page can be represented as a class. The methods in this class represent the actions that can be performed on the page.
3. #Inheritance:
Base Test Class: This might contain common setup, teardown, and utility methods that other specific test classes inherit, so you don’t have to rewrite common procedures.
Common Web Components: If there are common components (like headers, footers) across pages, you can create a base page class that other page classes inherit from.
4. #Polymorphism:
Multiple Browsers Support: If your framework supports tests on multiple browsers, you might have a generic #browser interface (or abstract class) and then specific implementations like #ChromeBrowser, #FirefoxBrowser, etc. The actual browser-specific operations are then done polymorphically.
5. #Composition
(though not one of the "main four" OOP principles, it's important in OOP design):
Combining Components: Instead of inheriting everything from a base class, you might use composition to combine multiple smaller classes (components) to create a more complex class. For instance, a #TestPage class might be composed of a #HeaderComponent, #FooterComponent, and #MainContentComponent.
When designing an automation framework using OOP principles, the aim is to make the code more modular, maintainable, reusable, and scalable. Using OOP effectively can lead to a more organized and efficient automation suite.
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